1. Se resuelve, que la unión de los estados,
simplemente federal, debe ser el único objeto del ejercicio de las facultades
que le confiere la presente Convención.
2. Se resuelve, que los artículos de la confederación
debe ser tan revisados, corregidos y ampliados, que haga que la constitución
federal se adecue a las exigencias del gobierno y la preservación de la unión.
3. Se resuelve que, además de las competencias
reconocidas en los Estados Unidos en el Congreso en los presentes artículos
actuales de la Confederación, se les autorice para aprobar actas para elevar un
ingreso mediante el establecimiento de una o varias funciones en todos los
bienes y mercancías de origen y fabricación extranjera, importados en cualquier
parte de los Estados Unidos; mediante la imposición de sellos en papel,
pergamino, vitela; y por un franqueo en todas las cartas y paquetes que pasan a
través de la oficina general de correos, que se aplicará a tales fines
federales, que estimen más apropiada y conveniente; que las normas y
reglamentos para la recogida de los mismos; y lo mismo ocasionalmente para
alterarlos y modificarlos en la forma que considere conveniente: a condición de
que todos los castigos, multas, decomisos y sanciones serán efectuados por
contravenir las normas y reglamentos, serán adjudicadas por los poderes
judiciales de derecho común del estado en el que cualquiera de los delitos, en
contra de la verdadera intención y significado de tales normas o reglamentos,
se ha comprometido o perpetrado; con la libertad de iniciar todos los juicios o
procesos por ello, en primera instancia, en el supremo poder judicial de derecho
común de tal estado sujeto, exceptuando a una apelación en última instancia,
para la corrección de errores, tanto de hecho y de derecho en la decisión, ante
el poder judicial de los Estados Unidos; y que los Estados Unidos tendrán
autoridad para aprobar actas para la regulación del comercio y tratados, así con
las naciones extranjeras como con los demás.
4. Se resuelve que deben ser necesarias
requisiciones, en lugar de la presente regla, los estados unidos en el Congreso
estarán autorizados a efectuar tales solicitudes en proporción al número total
de los ciudadanos y habitantes blancos libres y otros de toda edad, sexo y
condición, incluyendo los obligadas a la servidumbre por un período de años, y
tres quintas partes de todas las demás personas no comprendidas en las
descripciones anteriores (excepto los indios que no pagan impuestos).
5. Se resuelve que si tales solicitudes pueden no
cumplirse, dentro del plazo previsto en el mismo, los estados unidos en el
Congreso tendrá el poder de dirigir la recolección de los mismos en los estados
que no cumplan; y, para ello, elaborar y aprobar las actas que dirigen y que
autorizan la misma: siempre que ninguno de los poderes conferidos por la
presente en los Estados Unidos en el Congreso se ejercerá sin el consentimiento
de al menos ______ estados; y en esa proporción, si el número de Estados
confederados de aquí en adelante es aumentado o disminuido.
6. Se resuelve que los Estados Unidos reunidos en
Congreso estarán autorizados a elegir a un ejecutivo federal, que consiste en
_____ persona o personas, para continuar en el cargo por término de _____ años,
recibiendo puntualmente y en fechas determinadas, una remuneración fija para
los servicios por él o que se va a representar, en el que no se pondrán ningún
aumento o disminución, de manera que afecte al ejecutivo en oficina en el
momento de dicho incremento o disminución, que se pagará de la tesorería de la
Federación; ser incapaz de mantener cualquier otro cargo o nombramiento en el
momento del servicio, y por _____ años después; que no es elegible por segunda
vez, y removible en un juicio político y condenado por mala práctica, conducta
corrupta y el abandono del deber.
7. Se resuelve que el ejecutivo, además de un poder
general para ejecutar las leyes federales, debe nombrar a todos los
funcionarios federales no previstos en otro lugar, y dirigir todas las
operaciones militares; a condición de que el ejecutivo no podrá en ninguna
ocasión tomar el mando de las tropas, así como personal para llevar a cabo
cualquier empresa militar como general, o en cualquier otro concepto.
8. Se resuelve que los actos legislativos de los
estados unidos, hechos bajo y en cumplimiento a los artículos de la Unión, y
todos los tratados celebrados y ratificados bajo la autoridad de los Estados
Unidos, serán la ley suprema de los Estados respectivos, en la medida que
dichos actos o de tratados se referirán a dichos Estados o de sus ciudadanos y
habitantes; y que los poderes judiciales de los diversos estados estarán
obligados a acatar sus decisiones; cualquier cosa contraria en las respectivas
leyes de los estados individuales quedan sin efecto.
9. Se resuelve que si ningún estado o grupo de
hombres, de cualquier estado, se opongan o impidan llevar a efecto tales actos
o de tratados, el ejecutivo federal estará autorizado para invocar los poderes
de los estados confederados, o la parte de ella que sean necesarias para
aplicar y obligar a la obediencia a esos actos, o la observancia de esos
tratados.
10. Se resuelve la creación de un poder judicial
federal, que consisten en un tribunal supremo; los jueces de los cuales serán
nombrados por el poder ejecutivo, y retendrán sus puestos mientras dure su
buena conducta; recibir puntualmente y en fechas determinadas una remuneración
fija por sus servicios, que se pagará de la Tesorería de la Federación; no se impondrá
ningún aumento o disminución que pueda
afectar a las personas que estén efectivamente en el cargo en el momento de
dicho aumento o disminución. Que el poder judicial si así lo establece, tendrá
autoridad para conocer y resolver, en primera instancia, todos los juicios de
residencia de los funcionarios federales, y por medio de la apelación en la
localidad última en todos los casos que tocan los derechos y privilegios de los
embajadores; en todos los casos de captura del enemigo; en todos los casos de
piratería y otros delitos graves cometidos en alta mar; en todos los casos en
que los extranjeros pueden estar interesados en la construcción de cualquier
tratado o tratados, o que puedan surgir en cualquier acto u ordenanza del
Congreso para regular el comercio, o el cobro de los ingresos federales; que
ninguno de los funcionarios judiciales será capaz de recibir o sostener
cualquier otro cargo o nombramiento, durante el tiempo que permanezcan en el
cargo, o por ____ años después.
11. Se resuelve que el poder ejecutivo, legislativo
y judicial dentro de los diversos estados, debería estar obligado por juramento
a apoyar a los artículos de la unión.
12. Se resuelve que dicha disposición debe ser hecha
para conocer y decidir sobre todas las controversias que surjan entre los Estados
Unidos y un estado individual, respecto a territorios.
13. Se resuelve que dicha disposición debe ser hecha
para la admisión de nuevos estados en la unión.
14. Se resuelve que es necesario definir qué
delitos, cometidos en cualquier estado, se considerarán de alta traición contra
los Estados Unidos.
15. Se resuelve que la regla para la naturalización
debe ser la misma en todos los estados.
16. Se resuelve que un ciudadano de un estado, ante
la comisión de un delito en otro estado, se considerará culpable del mismo
delito, como si hubiera sido cometido por un ciudadano del estado en el que se
cometió el delito.
1. Resolved, that an union of the states, merely federal, ought to be the sole object of the exercise of the powers vested in this convention.
2. Resolved, that the articles of the confederation ought to be so revised, corrected, and enlarged, as to render the federal constitution adequate to the exigencies of government, and the preservation of the union.
3. Resolved, that in addition to the powers vested in the united states in congress, by the present existing articles of confederation, they be authorized to pass acts for raising a revenue by laying a duty or duties on all goods and merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture, imported into any part of the united states; by imposing stamps on paper, parchment, and vellum; and by a postage on all letters and packages passing through the general post office, to be applied to such federal purposes, as they shall deem proper and expedient; to make rules and regulations for the collection thereof; and the same from time to time to alter and amend in such manner as they shall think proper: provided that all punishments, fines, forfeitures, and penalties, to be incurred for contravening such rules and regulations, shall be adjudged by the common law judiciaries of the state in which any offense, contrary to the true intent and meaning of such rules or regulations, shall be committed or perpetrated; with liberty of commencing all suits or prosecutions for that purpose, in the first instance, in the supreme common law judiciary of such state-subject, nevertheless, to an appeal in the last resort, for the correction of errors, both of law and fact, in rendering judgment, to the judiciary of the united states; and that the united states shall have authority to pass acts for the regulation of trade and commerce, as well with foreign nations, as with each other.
4. Resolved, that should requisitions be necessary, instead of the present rule, the united states in congress be authorized to make such requisitions in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants, of every age, sex, and condition, including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three-fifths of all other persons, not comprehended in the foregoing descriptions (except Indians not paying taxes.)
5. Resolved, that if such requisitions be not complied with, in the time specified therein, the united states in congress shall have power to direct the collection thereof in the non-complying states; and for that purpose to devise and pass acts directing and authorising the same: provided that none of the powers hereby vested in the united states in congress shall be exercised without the consent of at least ______ states; and in that proportion, should the number of confederated states hereafter be increased or diminished.
6. Resolved, that the united states in congress, shall be authorised to elect a federal executive, to consist of _____ person or persons, to continue in office for the term of _____ years, to receive punctually, at stated times, a fixed compensation for the services by him or them to be rendered, in which no increase or diminution shall be made, so as to affect the executive in office, at the time of such increase or diminution, to be paid out of the federal treasury; to be incapable of holding any other office or appointment during the time of service, and for _____ years after; to be ineligible a second time, and removable on impeachment and conviction for mar-practice, corrupt conduct, and neglect of duty.
7. Resolved, that the executive, besides a general authority to execute the federal acts, ought to appoint all federal officers, not otherwise provided for, and to direct all military operations; provided that the executive shall not on any occasion take command of any troops, so as personally to conduct any military enterprise as general, or in any other capacity.
8. Resolved, that the legislative acts of the united states, made under and in pursuance to the articles of union, and all treaties made and ratified under the authority of the united states, shall be the supreme law of the respective states, as far as those acts or treaties shall relate to the said states or their citizens and inhabitants; and that the judiciaries of the several states shall be bound thereby in their decisions; any thing in the respective laws of the individual states to the contrary notwithstanding.
9. Resolved, that if any state or body of men in any state, shall oppose or prevent the carrying into execution such acts or treaties, the federal executive shall be authorised to call forth the powers of the confederated states, or so much thereof as may be necessary to enforce and compel an obedience to such acts, or an observance of such treaties.
10. Resolved, that a federal judiciary be established, to consist of a supreme tribunal; the judges of which to be appointed by the executive, and to hold their offices during good behaviour; to receive punctually, at stated times, a fixed compensation for their services, to be paid out of the federal treasury; in which no increase or diminution shall be made, so as to affect the persons actually in office, at the time of such increase of diminution. That the judiciary so established, shall have authority to hear and determine, in the first instance, on all impeachments of federal officers, and by way of appeal in the dernier resort in all cases touching the rights and privileges of ambassadors; in all cases of captures from the enemy; in all cases of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas; in all cases in which foreigners may be interested in the construction of any treaty or treaties, or which may arise on any act or ordinance of congress for the regulation of trade, or the collection of the federal revenue; that none of the judiciary officers shall be capable of receiving or holding any other office or appointment, during the time they remain in office, or for ____ years afterwards.
11. Resolved, that the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers within the several states, ought to be bound by oath to support the articles of union.
12. Resolved, that provision ought to be made for hearing and deciding upon all disputes arising between the united states and an individual state, respecting territory.
13. Resolved, that provision ought to be made for the admission of new states into the union.
14. Resolved, that it is necessary to define what offenses, committed in any state, shall be deemed high treason against the united states.
15. Resolved, that the rule for naturalization ought to be the same in every state.
16. Resolved, that a citizen of one state, committing an offense in another state, shall be deemed guilty of the same offense, as if it had been committed by a citizen of the state, in which the offense was committed.
Original
2. Resolved, that the articles of the confederation ought to be so revised, corrected, and enlarged, as to render the federal constitution adequate to the exigencies of government, and the preservation of the union.
3. Resolved, that in addition to the powers vested in the united states in congress, by the present existing articles of confederation, they be authorized to pass acts for raising a revenue by laying a duty or duties on all goods and merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture, imported into any part of the united states; by imposing stamps on paper, parchment, and vellum; and by a postage on all letters and packages passing through the general post office, to be applied to such federal purposes, as they shall deem proper and expedient; to make rules and regulations for the collection thereof; and the same from time to time to alter and amend in such manner as they shall think proper: provided that all punishments, fines, forfeitures, and penalties, to be incurred for contravening such rules and regulations, shall be adjudged by the common law judiciaries of the state in which any offense, contrary to the true intent and meaning of such rules or regulations, shall be committed or perpetrated; with liberty of commencing all suits or prosecutions for that purpose, in the first instance, in the supreme common law judiciary of such state-subject, nevertheless, to an appeal in the last resort, for the correction of errors, both of law and fact, in rendering judgment, to the judiciary of the united states; and that the united states shall have authority to pass acts for the regulation of trade and commerce, as well with foreign nations, as with each other.
4. Resolved, that should requisitions be necessary, instead of the present rule, the united states in congress be authorized to make such requisitions in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants, of every age, sex, and condition, including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three-fifths of all other persons, not comprehended in the foregoing descriptions (except Indians not paying taxes.)
5. Resolved, that if such requisitions be not complied with, in the time specified therein, the united states in congress shall have power to direct the collection thereof in the non-complying states; and for that purpose to devise and pass acts directing and authorising the same: provided that none of the powers hereby vested in the united states in congress shall be exercised without the consent of at least ______ states; and in that proportion, should the number of confederated states hereafter be increased or diminished.
6. Resolved, that the united states in congress, shall be authorised to elect a federal executive, to consist of _____ person or persons, to continue in office for the term of _____ years, to receive punctually, at stated times, a fixed compensation for the services by him or them to be rendered, in which no increase or diminution shall be made, so as to affect the executive in office, at the time of such increase or diminution, to be paid out of the federal treasury; to be incapable of holding any other office or appointment during the time of service, and for _____ years after; to be ineligible a second time, and removable on impeachment and conviction for mar-practice, corrupt conduct, and neglect of duty.
7. Resolved, that the executive, besides a general authority to execute the federal acts, ought to appoint all federal officers, not otherwise provided for, and to direct all military operations; provided that the executive shall not on any occasion take command of any troops, so as personally to conduct any military enterprise as general, or in any other capacity.
8. Resolved, that the legislative acts of the united states, made under and in pursuance to the articles of union, and all treaties made and ratified under the authority of the united states, shall be the supreme law of the respective states, as far as those acts or treaties shall relate to the said states or their citizens and inhabitants; and that the judiciaries of the several states shall be bound thereby in their decisions; any thing in the respective laws of the individual states to the contrary notwithstanding.
9. Resolved, that if any state or body of men in any state, shall oppose or prevent the carrying into execution such acts or treaties, the federal executive shall be authorised to call forth the powers of the confederated states, or so much thereof as may be necessary to enforce and compel an obedience to such acts, or an observance of such treaties.
10. Resolved, that a federal judiciary be established, to consist of a supreme tribunal; the judges of which to be appointed by the executive, and to hold their offices during good behaviour; to receive punctually, at stated times, a fixed compensation for their services, to be paid out of the federal treasury; in which no increase or diminution shall be made, so as to affect the persons actually in office, at the time of such increase of diminution. That the judiciary so established, shall have authority to hear and determine, in the first instance, on all impeachments of federal officers, and by way of appeal in the dernier resort in all cases touching the rights and privileges of ambassadors; in all cases of captures from the enemy; in all cases of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas; in all cases in which foreigners may be interested in the construction of any treaty or treaties, or which may arise on any act or ordinance of congress for the regulation of trade, or the collection of the federal revenue; that none of the judiciary officers shall be capable of receiving or holding any other office or appointment, during the time they remain in office, or for ____ years afterwards.
11. Resolved, that the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers within the several states, ought to be bound by oath to support the articles of union.
12. Resolved, that provision ought to be made for hearing and deciding upon all disputes arising between the united states and an individual state, respecting territory.
13. Resolved, that provision ought to be made for the admission of new states into the union.
14. Resolved, that it is necessary to define what offenses, committed in any state, shall be deemed high treason against the united states.
15. Resolved, that the rule for naturalization ought to be the same in every state.
16. Resolved, that a citizen of one state, committing an offense in another state, shall be deemed guilty of the same offense, as if it had been committed by a citizen of the state, in which the offense was committed.
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