Visto que las combinaciones para derrotar a la
ejecución de las leyes que ponen deberes a los espíritus destilados en alambiques
en Estados Unidos han desde el momento que dichas leyes existen en algunas de
las zonas occidentales de Pennsylvania; y
Considerando que dichas maquinaciones, procediendo
de una manera subversiva a partes iguales contra la autoridad justa del
gobierno y de los derechos de los individuos, han efectuado hasta ahora su
objetivo peligroso y criminal por la influencia de algunas reuniones
irregulares cuyos procedimientos han tendido a fomentar y mantener el espíritu
de oposición mediante la tergiversación de las leyes calculadas para hacerlas
odiosas; por los esfuerzos para disuadir a aquellos que podrían estar tan
dispuestos en las oficinas de aceptar en virtud de ellos por el temor de
resentimiento público y de daños a personas y bienes, y obligar a los que
habían aceptado esos puestos por la violencia real a rendirse o abstenerse de
la ejecución de las mismas; haciendo circular amenazas vengativas contra todos
aquellos que de otro modo deberían, directa o indirectamente, ayudar en la
ejecución de las mencionadas leyes, o que, cediendo a los dictados de su
conciencia, a un sentido de la obligación, cumplir con las mismas; por herir y destruir
actualmente la propiedad de las personas que hayan sido comprendidas en tal
cumplimiento; infligiendo castigos crueles y humillantes a los ciudadanos
privados por otra causa que la de comparecer por ser amigos de las leyes;
interceptando los funcionarios públicos en las carreteras, abusando, agrediendo
y ejecutando otros malos tratos; yendo a sus casas en la noche, entrando por la
fuerza, llevándose sus papeles; y cometiendo otros desmanes, empleando a estos
efectos injustificables el concurso de bandidos armados disfrazados de tal
manera que en su mayor parte escaparon el reconocimiento; y
Considerando que los esfuerzos de la Legislatura
para obviar las objeciones a dichas leyes al reducir los derechos y por otras
alteraciones que conducen a la conveniencia de aquellos a quienes afectan de
inmediato (a pesar de que han dado satisfacción en otros sectores), y los
esfuerzos de los funcionarios ejecutivos para conciliar un cumplimiento de las
leyes mediante las explicaciones, la tolerancia, e incluso los alojamientos
particulares redondeadas en la sugerencia de consideraciones locales, han sido
decepcionados de su efecto por las maquinaciones de las personas cuya industria
para excitar la resistencia se ha incrementado ante toda apariencia de una
disposición entre la gente a relajarse en su oposición y consentir en las
leyes, de tal manera que muchas personas en dichas zonas occidentales de
Pennsylvania han largamente sido lo suficientemente resistentes para perpetrar
los actos que me ha informado cantidad a la traición, siendo actos manifiestos
de hacer la guerra en contra de la Estados Unidos, dichas personas el 16 y 17
de julio pasado procedieron con armas (en el segundo día por valor de varios
cientos) a la casa de John Neville, inspector de los ingresos para el cuarto cuadrante
del distrito de Pennsylvania; atacaron repetidamente dicha casa con los moradores
allí, hiriendo a algunos de ellos; secuestrando a David Lenox, comisario del distrito
de Pennsylvania, quien ante y al mismo se disparó en el cumplimiento de su
deber por un grupo de hombres armados, reteniéndolo por algún tiempo preso,
hasta que por la preservación de su vida y la obtención de su libertad se vio
en la necesidad de entrar en estipulaciones de abstenerse de la ejecución de
determinadas tareas oficiales que tocan los procesos de salida de un tribunal
de los Estados Unidos; y después de haber finalmente obligado a dicho inspector
de dicho ingreso y a dicho mariscal de consideraciones de seguridad personal de
salir de esa parte del país, con el fin, dando un rodeo, para proceder a la
sede del Gobierno, al reconocerse como los motivos de estas actuaciones
escandalosas la intención de impedir por la fuerza de las armas la ejecución de
las mencionadas leyes, obligando a dicho inspector de los ingresos a renunciar
a su dicha oficina, resistir mediante la violencia abierta a la legítima
autoridad del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, y obligar con ello una alteración
en las medidas de la Legislatura y la derogación de dichas leyes; y
Considerando que, mediante un Acta de los Estados
Unidos, titulada “Un Acta para proporcionar convocatoria a la milicia para
ejecutar las leyes de la Unión, sofocar las insurrecciones y rechazar las
invasiones”, se promulgó “que cada vez que las leyes de los Estados Unidos sean
subvertidas o la ejecución de las mismas obstruidas en cualquier Estado por maquinaciones
demasiado poderosas para ser suprimidas por el curso normal de los
procedimientos judiciales o por los poderes conferidos a los comisarios por ese
hecho, los mismo habiendo sido notificados por un juez asociado o el juez de
distrito, será legal para el Presidente de los Estados Unidos llamar a la
milicia nacional de dicho Estado para reprimir tales maquinaciones y hacer que
las leyes sean debidamente ejecutadas. y si la milicia de un Estado, cuando
tales maquinaciones puedan ocurrir denegasen o sea insuficiente para suprimir
la misma, será legal para el Presidente, si la Asamblea Legislativa de los
Estados Unidos no estuviera en sesión, de suscitar y emplear esos números de la
milicia de cualquier otro Estado o Estados que más le convenga según sea
necesario; y el uso de la milicia podría ser continuado sucesivamente, si es
necesario, hasta la expiración de los treinta días siguientes al comienzo de la
sesión siguiente: Se suministra siempre que pueda ser necesario a juicio del
Presidente utilizar la fuerza militar dirigida por la presente que se llamará a
otra, el Presidente hará uso, como antes, por proclamación, ordenando a tales
insurgentes a dispersarse y retirarse pacíficamente a sus respectivos
domicilios dentro de un tiempo limitado ", y
Mientras que James Wilson, un juez asociado, en la
cuarte instancia, mediante escrito de su mano, hizo de las pruebas que se
habían presentado ante él de notificarle a mí que "en los condados de
Washington y de Allegheny, en Pensilvania, las leyes de los Estados Unidos son subvertidas
y la ejecución de las mismas obstruidas por maquinaciones demasiado poderosas
para ser suprimidas por el curso normal de los procedimientos judiciales o por
los poderes conferidos al comisario de ese distrito; "y
Considerando que es a mi juicio necesario bajo las
circunstancias del caso tomar medidas cuando deba convocarse a la milicia a fin
de suprimir las combinaciones antes mencionadas, y para hacer que las leyes
sean debidamente ejecutadas; y en consecuencia he decidido hacerlo así,
sintiendo el más profundo pesar por la ocasión y asimismo la convicción más
solemne que los intereses esenciales de la Unión exigen que la existencia misma
de Gobierno y los principios fundamentales del orden social participen
materialmente en la cuestión, y que el patriotismo y la firmeza de todos los
buenos ciudadanos son llamados seriamente, como las ocasiones puedan requerir,
para ayudar en la supresión efectiva de tan fatal espíritu:
Por lo cual, y en cumplimiento de las condiciones
anteriormente citadas, yo, George Washington, presidente de los Estados Unidos,
por la presente ordeno a todas las personas insurgentes hasta ahora, como queda
dicho, y a todos los demás que corresponda, en o antes del día 1 de septiembre a
dispersarse y retirarse pacíficamente a sus respectivos domicilios. Y advierto,
además, a todas las personas contra quienquiera que ayude, incite, o consuele a
los autores de los actos de traición mencionados; y exigir a todos los
funcionarios y otros ciudadanos, de acuerdo con sus respectivos deberes y leyes
de la tierra, ejercer sus máximos esfuerzos para prevenir y reprimir tales
procedimientos peligrosos.
En testimonio de lo cual he hecho que el sello de
los Estados Unidos de América sea colocado en las presente, y firmado el mismo
con mi mano.
Hecho en la ciudad de Filadelfia, el 7 º día del mes
de agosto de 1794, y el decimonoveno de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos
de América.
Whereas combinations to defeat the execution of the laws laying duties upon spirits distilled within the United States and upon stills have from the time of the commencement of those laws existed in some of the western parts of Pennsylvania; and
Whereas the said combinations, proceeding in a manner subversive equally of the just authority of government and of the rights of individuals, have hitherto effected their dangerous and criminal purpose by the influence of certain irregular meetings whose proceedings have tended to encourage and uphold the spirit of opposition by misrepresentations of the laws calculated to render them odious; by endeavors to deter those who might be so disposed from accepting offices under them through fear of public resentment and of injury to person and property, and to compel those who had accepted such offices by actual violence to surrender or forbear the execution of them; by circulating vindictive menaces against all those who should otherwise, directly or indirectly, aid in the execution of the said laws, or who, yielding to the dictates of conscience and to a sense of obligation, should themselves comply therewith; by actually injuring and destroying the property of persons who were understood to have so complied; by inflicting cruel and humiliating punishments upon private citizens for no other cause than that of appearing to be the friends of the laws; by intercepting the public officers on the highways, abusing, assaulting, and otherwise ill treating them; by going to their houses in the night, gaining admittance by force, taking away their papers, and committing other outrages, employing for these unwarrantable purposes the agency of armed banditti disguised in such manner as for the most part to escape discovery; and
Whereas the endeavors of the Legislature to obviate objections to the said laws by lowering the duties and by other alterations conducive to the convenience of those whom they immediately affect (though they have given satisfaction in other quarters), and the endeavors of the executive officers to conciliate a compliance with the laws by explanations, by forbearance, and even by particular accommodations rounded on the suggestion of local considerations, have been disappointed of their effect by the machinations of persons whose industry to excite resistance has increased with every appearance of a disposition among the people to relax in their opposition and to acquiesce in the laws, insomuch that many persons in the said western parts of Pennsylvania have at length been hardy enough to perpetrate acts which I am advised amount to treason, being overt acts of levying war against the United States, the said persons having on the 16th and 17th July last past proceeded in arms (on the second day amounting to several hundreds) to the house of John Neville, inspector of the revenue for the fourth survey of the district of Pennsylvania; having repeatedly attacked the said house with the persons therein, wounding some of them; having seized David Lenox, marshal of the district of Pennsylvania, who previous thereto had been fired upon while in the execution of his duty by a party of armed men, detaining him for some time prisoner, till for the preservation of his life and the obtaining of his liberty he found it necessary to enter into stipulations to forbear the execution of certain official duties touching processes issuing out of a court of the United States; and having finally obliged the said inspector of the said revenue and the said marshal from considerations of personal safety to fly from that part of the country, in order, by a circuitous route, to proceed to the seat of Government, avowing as the motives of these outrageous proceedings an intention to prevent by force of arms the execution of the said laws, to oblige the said inspector of the revenue to renounce his said office, to withstand by open violence the lawful authority of the Government of the United States, and to compel thereby an alteration in the measures of the Legislature and a repeal of the laws aforesaid; and
Whereas by a law of the United States entitled "An act to provide calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions," it is enacted "that whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed or the execution thereof obstructed in any State by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the marshals by that act, the same being notified by an associate justice or the district judge, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to call forth the militia of such State to suppress such combinations and to cause the laws to be duly executed. And if the militia of a State where such combinations may happen shall refuse or be insufficient to suppress the same, it shall be lawful for the President, if the Legislature of the United States shall not be in session, to call forth and employ such numbers of the militia of any other State or States most convenient thereto as may be necessary; and the use of the militia so to be called forth may be continued, if necessary, until the expiration of thirty days after the commencement of the ensuing session: Provided always, That whenever it may be necessary in the judgment of the President to use the military force hereby directed to be called forth, the President shall forthwith, and previous thereto, by proclamation, command such insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes within a limited time ;" and
Whereas James Wilson, an associate justice, on the 4th instant, by writing under his hand, did from evidence which had been laid before him notify to me that "in the counties of Washington and Allegany, in Pennsylvania, laws of the United States are opposed and the execution thereof obstructed by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the marshal of that district;" and
Whereas it is in my judgment necessary under the circumstances of the case to take measures for calling forth the militia in order to suppress the combinations aforesaid, and to cause the laws to be duly executed; and I have accordingly determined so to do, feeling the deepest regret for the occasion, but withal the most solemn conviction that the essential interests of the Union demand it, that the very existence of Government and the fundamental principles of social order are materially involved in the issue, and that the patriotism and firmness of all good citizens are seriously called upon, as occasions may require, to aid in the effectual suppression of so fatal a spirit:
Wherefore, and in pursuance of the proviso above recited, I, George Washington, President of the United States, do hereby command all persons being insurgents as aforesaid, and all others whom it may concern, on or before the 1st day of September next to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes. And I do moreover warn all persons whomsoever against aiding, abetting, or comforting the perpetrators of the aforesaid treasonable acts, and do require all officers and other citizens, according to their respective duties and the laws of the land, to exert their utmost endeavors to prevent and suppress such dangerous proceedings.
In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand.
Done at the city of Philadelphia, the 7th day of August, 1794, and of the Independence of the United States of America the nineteenth.
GO. WASHINGTON.
By the President:
Original
Whereas the said combinations, proceeding in a manner subversive equally of the just authority of government and of the rights of individuals, have hitherto effected their dangerous and criminal purpose by the influence of certain irregular meetings whose proceedings have tended to encourage and uphold the spirit of opposition by misrepresentations of the laws calculated to render them odious; by endeavors to deter those who might be so disposed from accepting offices under them through fear of public resentment and of injury to person and property, and to compel those who had accepted such offices by actual violence to surrender or forbear the execution of them; by circulating vindictive menaces against all those who should otherwise, directly or indirectly, aid in the execution of the said laws, or who, yielding to the dictates of conscience and to a sense of obligation, should themselves comply therewith; by actually injuring and destroying the property of persons who were understood to have so complied; by inflicting cruel and humiliating punishments upon private citizens for no other cause than that of appearing to be the friends of the laws; by intercepting the public officers on the highways, abusing, assaulting, and otherwise ill treating them; by going to their houses in the night, gaining admittance by force, taking away their papers, and committing other outrages, employing for these unwarrantable purposes the agency of armed banditti disguised in such manner as for the most part to escape discovery; and
Whereas the endeavors of the Legislature to obviate objections to the said laws by lowering the duties and by other alterations conducive to the convenience of those whom they immediately affect (though they have given satisfaction in other quarters), and the endeavors of the executive officers to conciliate a compliance with the laws by explanations, by forbearance, and even by particular accommodations rounded on the suggestion of local considerations, have been disappointed of their effect by the machinations of persons whose industry to excite resistance has increased with every appearance of a disposition among the people to relax in their opposition and to acquiesce in the laws, insomuch that many persons in the said western parts of Pennsylvania have at length been hardy enough to perpetrate acts which I am advised amount to treason, being overt acts of levying war against the United States, the said persons having on the 16th and 17th July last past proceeded in arms (on the second day amounting to several hundreds) to the house of John Neville, inspector of the revenue for the fourth survey of the district of Pennsylvania; having repeatedly attacked the said house with the persons therein, wounding some of them; having seized David Lenox, marshal of the district of Pennsylvania, who previous thereto had been fired upon while in the execution of his duty by a party of armed men, detaining him for some time prisoner, till for the preservation of his life and the obtaining of his liberty he found it necessary to enter into stipulations to forbear the execution of certain official duties touching processes issuing out of a court of the United States; and having finally obliged the said inspector of the said revenue and the said marshal from considerations of personal safety to fly from that part of the country, in order, by a circuitous route, to proceed to the seat of Government, avowing as the motives of these outrageous proceedings an intention to prevent by force of arms the execution of the said laws, to oblige the said inspector of the revenue to renounce his said office, to withstand by open violence the lawful authority of the Government of the United States, and to compel thereby an alteration in the measures of the Legislature and a repeal of the laws aforesaid; and
Whereas by a law of the United States entitled "An act to provide calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions," it is enacted "that whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed or the execution thereof obstructed in any State by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the marshals by that act, the same being notified by an associate justice or the district judge, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to call forth the militia of such State to suppress such combinations and to cause the laws to be duly executed. And if the militia of a State where such combinations may happen shall refuse or be insufficient to suppress the same, it shall be lawful for the President, if the Legislature of the United States shall not be in session, to call forth and employ such numbers of the militia of any other State or States most convenient thereto as may be necessary; and the use of the militia so to be called forth may be continued, if necessary, until the expiration of thirty days after the commencement of the ensuing session: Provided always, That whenever it may be necessary in the judgment of the President to use the military force hereby directed to be called forth, the President shall forthwith, and previous thereto, by proclamation, command such insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes within a limited time ;" and
Whereas James Wilson, an associate justice, on the 4th instant, by writing under his hand, did from evidence which had been laid before him notify to me that "in the counties of Washington and Allegany, in Pennsylvania, laws of the United States are opposed and the execution thereof obstructed by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the marshal of that district;" and
Whereas it is in my judgment necessary under the circumstances of the case to take measures for calling forth the militia in order to suppress the combinations aforesaid, and to cause the laws to be duly executed; and I have accordingly determined so to do, feeling the deepest regret for the occasion, but withal the most solemn conviction that the essential interests of the Union demand it, that the very existence of Government and the fundamental principles of social order are materially involved in the issue, and that the patriotism and firmness of all good citizens are seriously called upon, as occasions may require, to aid in the effectual suppression of so fatal a spirit:
Wherefore, and in pursuance of the proviso above recited, I, George Washington, President of the United States, do hereby command all persons being insurgents as aforesaid, and all others whom it may concern, on or before the 1st day of September next to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes. And I do moreover warn all persons whomsoever against aiding, abetting, or comforting the perpetrators of the aforesaid treasonable acts, and do require all officers and other citizens, according to their respective duties and the laws of the land, to exert their utmost endeavors to prevent and suppress such dangerous proceedings.
In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand.
Done at the city of Philadelphia, the 7th day of August, 1794, and of the Independence of the United States of America the nineteenth.
GO. WASHINGTON.
By the President:
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